ac¡Shv skâv tPmk^v CShIbpsS Ncn{Xw

tIcf¯nse Gähpw at\mlcamb Øe§fnsem¶mWv aªnsâ IncoSaWnªv XebpbÀ¯n \n¡p¶ hb\mSv. Bbnc¡W¡n\v hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v P\hmk¯nsâ Ahtijn¸pIÄ kq£n¡p¶ hb\mSv. hoc]gÈnbpsS ]Stbm«§fpsS Ipf¼Sn\mZhpw tI«v, ]m]\min\nbpsS Iptªmf§Ä ssPhsshhn²y§fpsS ]dpZokbmb IpdphmZzo]nsâ 150 Hmfw sNdp Zzo]pIsf XgpIn DZb¯nsâ \m«ntes¡mgpIp¶ I_\n\ZnbpsS Xoc§Ä¡pw hfÀ¶p ]´en¨ hnizmk XojvWXbpsS IYIÄ ]dbm\p­v.

          tX\pw ]mepsamgpIp¶ Im\m³tZiw e£yam¡n \o§nb ]qÀÆ]nXm¡·msct¸mse Pohsâ \ne\nÂ]n\pw AXnPoh\¯n\pw th­n 1950 ImeL«¯n Npcw IbdnbhcmWv ac¡Shnse ImcWh³amÀ. a\Ênse kz]v\§fpw {]Xo£Ifpw H¸w s\©nsâ Bg§fn DdªpIqSnb ssZhhnizmkhpw  ssIapXembn IS¶ph¶hcmWv `qcn`mKhpw. a®nsâ amdn hn¯v hnX¨v \qdpta\n sImbvsXSp¡phm³ tNmc \ocm¡nbt¸mÄ ssZh¯nsâ A\p{Kln¡p¶ Icw AhcpsS incÊn\p apIfn D­mbncp¶p. Im«m\tbmSpw, Im«pt]m¯nt\mSpw, ae¼m¼nt\mSpw, ]IÀ¨hym[nItfmSpw ]Ssh«n, apf¦q¼pw, apXncbpw, I¸bpsams¡ `£n¨v ssZh]cn]me\bpsS cpNnbdnª Hcp IpSntbä P\XbpsS Ncn{Xw ChnsS Bcw`n¡p¶p.

          1950 apX ]gbtXm«w, ]\t´m«w, Iäym«v, IpSI]d¼nÂ, shÅ¡S, ]mem]pfn¡Â, ]pXp¸d¼nÂ, DucmfnIpt¶Â, s]mcpt¶Sw, X«mw]d¼nÂ, Adbv¡Â, sh«pIÃpw]pd¯v, sXm½n]d¼nÂ, tamcpIpt¶Â, hïv, shfnb¯pamenbnÂ, Ip¶pw]pd¯v, ]mdt¯m«m ]qfhÅn, InS§b¯v, sIm¨p]pc, CfwXpcp¯n, C©nae, Nm¯wtIm«v, \cnthenÂ, aT¯nÂ............... XpS§nb IpSpw_§Ä ac¡Shnsâ ]e`mK§fnembn Xmakw Bcw`n¨p. ]qÀ®ambpw h\{]tZiambncp¶ ChnsS \n¶pw ac§Ä apdn¨v I_\n\Zn IS¯n ssakqdntebv¡v sIm­p t]mIpambncp¶p. acw sIm­ph¶v tÌm¡v sN¿p¶ Unt¸mbpw, acw IS¯p¶ IShpw ‘ac¡Shv’ F¶ Øe\ma¯n\v ImcWambn.

          ssZh¯nsâ Ombbnepw kmZriy¯nepw krjvSn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ a\pjysâbpÅn A´Àeo\ambncn¡p¶ ssZhm`napJyamWtÃm Hcphs\ ssZhmcm[\bntebv¡v \bn¡p¶Xv. Hcp kaqlambn ssZhs¯ Bcm[n¡phm³ kmlNcy§fnÃm¯Xn\m AhcpsS Bßob Zml§Ä¡pth­n \Shb tZhmebs¯ Bbncp¶p B{ibn¨ncp¶Xv. arXkwkvImc ip{iqjIÄt]mepw \ShbÂ, am\´hmSn, ]¿¼Ån tZhmeb knant¯cnbnembncp¶p \nÀÆln¨nc¶Xv. 1952þ \Shb hnImcnbmbncp¶ _lp._À¡pam³kv CMI A¨s\ ImcWh³amÀ ImWpIbpw ]p¸Ån {]tZi¯v Hcp tZhmeb¯nsâ BhiyIX t_m[ys¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. 1954þ ]mdt¯m«m ss]enbpsS Hmetaª sjÍn h¨v _lp.Ingt¡¡päv A¨³ hn._enbÀ¸n¨p {]mÀ°n¨p. BZyambn ac¡Shv-þs]cn¡ÃqÀ {]tZi¯v hn.IpÀºm\ AÀ¸n¡s¸«Xv ChnsSbmbncp¶p. ]ehn[ImcW§fm XpSÀ¶v XncpIÀ½§Ä \S¡m¯ kmlNcy¯n ssakqdn \ns¶¯nb e¯o³ sshZnIcpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw I_\nbpsS A¡sc Hcp sjUv \nÀ½n¨v FÃm amkhpw hn.IpÀºm\bpw, Ip¼kmchpw \S¯nt]m¶p. Hcp hÀjt¯mfw CXp XpSÀ¶p.

          1956þ ]p¸Ån (apųsImÃn)bpsS Ncn{X¯nse BZy hnImcnbmbn _lp. Ipcymt¡mkv N§mS¡cnb¨³ \ntbmKn¡s¸«p. h\yarK§fpÅXn\m ac¡Shnsebpw s]cn¡Ãqcnsebpw {]tZihmknIÄ Hcpan¨v apųsImÃnbn t]mbn hn.IpÀºm\bn ]s¦Sp¡pambncp¶p. ImcWh³amcpsS A`yÀ°\sb XpSÀ¶v 1956 Xs¶ ac¡Shn Hcp tÌj³]Ån Bcw`n¨p. thgm¼Â ag¡pth­n Im¯ncp¶Xpt]mse ssZhm\p`h¯n\pth­n Im¯ncp¶ {]tZihmknIÄ XnIª Bthit¯msSbpw BËmZt¯msSbpw tZhmeb¯n\pth­nbpÅ sjUv ]gbtXm«w hÀ¡n kw`mh\bmbn \ÂInb Øe¯v \nÀ½mWw Bcw`n¨p. ac¯qWpIÄ \m«n CÃnsIm­v ad¨v ]pÃptaª Hcp sIm¨p sjÍmbncp¶p ac¡Shnsâ Ncn{X¯nse BZys¯ tZhmebw. kp{][m\Znhk§fnseÃmw XncpIÀ½§Ä \S¯nbncp¶p.

          1957þ dh.^mZÀ AeIvkv aW¡m«paäw ]p¸ÅnbpsS hnImcnbmbn NmÀsÖSp¡p¶p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ac¡Shv kzX{´ CShIbmbn DbÀ¯p¶Xv. 2000 hÀj§Ä¡v ap³]v NmWIw aW¡p¶ Hcp ]pÂsXmgp¯ns\ tZhmebam¡nb \{k¯nse X¨sâ \ma¯n tZhmebw {]XnjvTn¡s¸«p. ac¡Shnsâ BZys¯ Xncp\mÄ at\mlcambn sIm­mSn. Cu Ime¯v s]cn¡ÃqÀ Iv\\mb tZhmebw \nÀ½n¡s¸«ncp¶nÃ. ]ckv]cw kvt\ln¨pw klIcn¨pw XncpIÀ½§fn ]s¦Sp¯pwsIm­pw Iv\m\mb ktlmZc§fpw CShItbmSv tNÀ¶v \n¶ncp¶p. XpSÀ¶v s]cn¡ÃqÀ ]Ån Øm]n¨Xn\ptijhpw henb BgvNbnse Çohm]mX Hcpan¨p \S¯nbncp¶p. Cu ImeL«¯n at\mlcamb ]´Â {]Z£nWw \S¯nbncp¶p. hnip²cpsS  Xncpkm¶n²ywsIm­v CShImXnÀ¯n apgph³ kwc£W¯nsâ thensI«p¶ hnip² cm{Xn BSp¯ hÀjs¯ {]Zn£Ww hsc a®nt\mSpw, ImemhØtbmSpw, ]IÀ¨ hym[nItfmSpw ]Ssh«phm\pÅ Icp¯p \ÂIp¶ hnip²amb  IÀ½ambncp¶p AXv.

1962 sabv þ13\v hnImcnbmbn h¶ tPmk^v  Ipt¶e¨sâ BKa\t¯msS {]tZi¯n\v ]pXnb DWÀhp­mbn. AZriyamb hnizmk¯nsâ NcSn FÃmhscbpw tNÀ¯p \nÀ¯nsIm­v Zriyamb ]ptcmKXnIÄ sIm­phcphm³ A¨\v km[n¨p. ]Ånbnte¡pÅ hgnIÄ sh«n k©mc tbmKyam¡n.

          \bn¡m³ Hcp iàamb t\XrXzaps­¦n F´n\pw X¿mdmsW¶v sXfnbn¡p¶ \mfpIfmbncp¶p ]n¶oSv. 1964 G{]n amk¯n ac¡Shv CShIbpsS BZy hnImcnbmbn tP¡_v ]p¯³]pc \nbanX\mbn ]pÃptaª sjUn \n¶pw tZhmebsa¶ kz]v\¯n\v km£mXv¡mcambn. IÃpsIm­v sI«n HmSptaª at\mlcamb tZhmeb \nÀ½mW¯n\v kv{XoIfpw Ip«nIfpaS¡w FÃmhcpw ]s¦Sp¯p. hnip² Ipcninsâ Xe¸mhWnªv apJapbÀ¯n \n¡p¶ at\mlcamb tZhmeb¯nsâ Hmtcm IÃpIÄ¡pw ac¡Shnse ImcWh³amcpsS hnbÀ¸nsâ KÔap­v. _lp.tP¡_v ]p¯³]pcb¨tâbpw s]cn¡ÃqÀ hnImcnbmbncp¶ At¸mgn]d¼ne¨tâbpw t\XrXz¯n s]cn¡ÃqÀ-þ]p¸Ån tdmUv \nÀ½n¨v KXmKXtbmKyam¡nXv C¡me¯mWv.

1965 HmKÌv 13\v dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v ]p¯³]pcbpw XpSÀ¶v 1966 sabv 4\v dh.^mZÀ ^nen¸v apdnªItàF¶o sshZoIcpw CShIbn tkh\w sNbvXn«p­v. XpSÀ¶v 1966 apX 1967 hsc ^mZÀ tPmk^v ASn¸pg hnImcnbmbn tkh\w sNbvXp.1967 HIvtSm_À 14\v dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v am¼pg hnImcnbmbn \nbanX\mbn. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]Ån¸d¼n ImÀjnI hnfIÄ Irjn sN¿m³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. A¨sâ ZoÀL ho£Wt¯msSbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä CShIsb IqSpX A`nhr²nbntebv¡v \bn¨p. Cu Bßob Kpcp¡·mcpsS \nkzmÀ°amb tkh\hpw {]mÀ°\m \nÀ`camb A\p{Kl§fpw CShIbv¡v F¶pw Hcp apXÂIq«mWv.

1969 HIvtSm_À4 apX _lp.tPmk^v sIm«Im¸nÅn CShIhnImcnbmbn. Ipªp§fpsSbpw CShIbptSbpw B²ymßoI hfÀ¨bn A¨³ AIagnªv klmbn¨n«p­v. hnizmknIfpsS kuIcymÀ°w 1974þ ac¡Shns\ hn`Pn¨v I_\nKncn tZhmebw Bcw`n¨p. 27.04.1974\v A¨³ tkh\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡n.

          27.04.1974\v _lp.htednb³ Imªnc¡m«vIpt¶e¨³ ac¡Shnsâ Aac¡mc\mbn. ]Sn]SnbmbpÅ hfÀ¨bpsS ImeL«ambncp¶p ]n¶oSv. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv k¬tU kvIqÄ sI«nS¯nsâ ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xv. \nch[n `àkwLS\IÄ Bcw`n¡pIbpw P\§sf Adnhnsâ shfn¨¯ntebv¡v \bn¡m³ Hcp hmb\imebv¡v Bcw`w Ipdn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv skâv ImXssd³ tIm¬shâv \nÀ½mWw ]qÀ¯nbmbXv. _lp.kntÌgvknsâ hchv CShIm kaql¯nsâ Bßobhpw, `uXoIhpw, km¼¯oIhpamb hfÀ¨bv¡v ImcWambn. 1977 ]ÅnhI k¬tU kvIqfn Hcp s\gvkdn Bcw`n¡pIbpw BZnhmknIÄ DÄs¸sSbpÅhÀ¡v hnZym`ymkw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. kvIqÄ A[nIImew apt¶m«psIm­pt]mIm³ IgnªnÃ. htednb\¨sâ Ime¯mWv skâv ImXssd³ tlmkv]nä Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. 1980 sabv 29\v A¨sâ tkh\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡n.

          30.05.1980 apX 06.05.1983 hsc dh.^mZÀ sk_mÌy³ tImbn¸pdw CShIbpsS hnImcnbmbn. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]d¼n dºÀ, sX§v, IpcpapfIv, C©n, I¸ F¶nh IrjnsN¿pIbpw CShIsb IqSpX km¼¯nI `{ZXbntebv¡v sIm­phcnIbpw sNbvXXv. A¨sâ tkh\Ime¯mWv ac¡Shn BZyambn ku­v knÌw hm§p¶Xv. AXphgn XncpIÀ½§Ä IqSpX DuÀÖzeam¡phm³ km[n¨p.

          06.05.1982\v _lp.amXyqkv CMI A¨³ CShIbpsS Aac¡mc\mbn h¶p. CShIbnse Hmtcm IpSpw_¯nsâbpw B²ymßoIhpw `uXoIhpamb FÃm Imcy§fnepw hfscb[nIw {i²n¡pIbpw, P\§sf IqSpX ssZhhnizmk¯ntebv¡v ASp¸n¡p¶Xn\pw A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v km[n¨p. `h\§Ä kµÀin¡pIbpw P\§fpsS Bhiy§Ä a\Ênem¡pIbpw Ahsc klmbn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 02.07.1984\v A¨³ ac¡Shn \n¶pw bm{Xbmbn.

          2.7.1984 apXÂ 26.3.1985 hsc dh.^mZÀ hÀKokv sImfpXd CMI ac¡Shns\ \bn¨p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv sshZoI aµnc¯nsâ Bcw`w Ipdn¡p¶Xv.

          26.03.1985 apX 20.05.1989 hscbpÅ ImeL«¯n _lp.tPmk^v \m¡pgn¡m«¨\mbncp¶p ac¡Shnsâ hnImcn. A¨sâ Ime¯v ]ÅnapdnbpsS ]Wn ]qÀ¯mbmbn. 1988 \S¯nb t]m¸peÀ anj³[ym\w CShIbpsS Bßob hfÀ¨bv¡v henb ]¦phln¨p.

          1989 apX 1991 hsc CShIbn tkh\w sNbvXXv dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v Xpcpt¯e¨\mWv. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv CShIbv¡v sshZypXn IW£³ e`n¡p¶Xv. A¨sâ tkh\Ime¯v ]«mWnIq¸n Ipd¨v Øew hm§pIbpw IpcniSn \nÀ½n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IS¼qÀ _me³ Zm\ambn X¶ IpcniSn Øew Xpcpt¯e¨sâ Ime¯v FgpXn hm§n.

1992 sabv 21\v dh.^mZÀ {^m³kokv Icn¸pIm«n CShIbpsS Aac¡mc\mbn. A¨sâ tkh\§Ä ac¡Shv CShImkaql¯n\v Hcn¡epw ad¡phm³ IgnbnÃ. A¨sâ NpdpNpdp¡pw {]kcn¸pw kuayXbpw P\§fn A¨t\mSpÅ kvt\lhpw _lpam\hpw hÀ²n¸n¨p. Gsd XymKw kln¨v at\mlcamb Hdp tZhmebw ]pXp¡n ]Wnbphm³ IgnªXv A¨sâ t\XrXz¯nemWv. am{XaÃ, CShIbv¡v Gsd Bßob ]ptcmKXnbpw ssIhcn¡phm³ km[n¨p. 1993þ A`nhµy Xq¦pgn]nXmhv inemØm]\w \S¯nb tZhmeb¯nsâ \nÀ½mWw 1996þ ]qÀ¯oIcn¨p. ]«mWn¡q¸v tZhmeb¯n\pth­n Øew hm§p¶Xv Icn¸pIm«ne¨sâ Ime¯mWv. Cu Øe¯p­mbncp¶ ho«n hn.IpÀºm\ AÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. XymtKmÖzeamb 4 hÀjs¯ tkh\¯n\ptijw _lp.{^m³kokv Icn¸pIm«ne¨³ ssa\À skan\mcnbpsS Bßob]nXmhmbn«mWv 10.06.1996 \v Øew amdnt¸mIp¶Xv.

          10.06.1996 apX 19.05.1997 hsc ac¡Shv CShIbpsS kmcYnbmbn _lp. {^m³kokv s\Ãn¡pt¶e¨³ \nbanX\mbn. im´Xbpw kuayXbpw \ndª A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä CShImkaql¯n\v Gsd KpW{]Zambncp¶p.

          19.05.1997 apX 20.05.1999 hsc CShIsb \bn¨Xv _lp.tPmbn ]nW¡m«¨\mWv. emfnXy¯ntâbpw ka`mh\bpsSbpw, \njv]£XbpsSbpw ]cymbambncp¶p A¨³. tIcf¯nse Xs¶ anI¨ thmfnt_mÄ, ^pSvt_mÄ SoapIfnsem¶mbncp¶ Pq_nen ac¡Shns\ t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw hfÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXn«p­v. bphP\§tfmsSm¸w Ahcnsemcmfmbn \n¶psIm­v CShIbpsS Bßob `uXoI taJeIsf A¨³ iàns¸Sp¯nbn«p­v. Aánbn kv^pSw sNbvsXSp¯ hm¡pIfneqsSbpÅ hN\ hymJym\¯n\pth­n ImXpIqÀ¸n¨ncp¶ Hcp kaqlw A¶p­mbncn¶p. A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§sf ac¡Shn\p ad¡m\mhp¶XÃ. P\§fpsS kuIcy¯n\pth­n ]«mWn¡q¸n Hcp It¸f]Ån \nÀ½n¨p. AhÀ¡v th­p¶ \nÀt±i§fpw Xncp¯epIfpw A¨³ \ÂIp¶p­mbncp¶p.

          20.05.1999 apX 14.05.2001 hscbpÅ ImeL«¯n _lp. tPmkv Hmen¡c A¨³ ac¡Shv CShIbn Xsâ kvt\l \nÀ`camb tkh\w ImgvN h¨p. kzXkn²amb im´Xbn ac¡Shnsâ {]iv\§sf A¨³ ]Tn¡pIbmbncp¶p. an¨`qan kw_Ôamb {]XnkÔnIsf ]cnlcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. anI¨ Hcp h¡oembncp¶ A¨³ \nch[n IpSpw_{]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡phm³ klmbn¨p. ]Ån¡v Bhiyamb P\tdäÀ hm§p¶Xv tPmkv Hmen¡cb¨sâ tkh\ Ime¯mWv. 1999þ ]«mWnIq¸n D®naninlmbpsS \ma¯n It¸f sh©cn¸p IÀ½w \S¶p. FÃm i\nbmgvNIfnepw tPmk¨³ It¸fbn hn._en AÀ¸n¨ncp¶p. 2000 ]«mWn¡q¸v kzX{´ CShIbmbn. A¨sâ tkh\§sf CShI F¶pw \µntbmsS HmÀ½n¡pw.

          14.05.2001 ac¡Shv CShIbpsS kmcYnbmbn dh.^mZÀ k®n sImÃmÀtXm«w \nbanX\mbn. A©p hÀj¡mes¯ A¨sâ tkh\w CShIbv¡v A\p{Kl{]Zambncp¶p. Hcp ]nXmhnsâ kvt\lt¯msS Hmtcm IpSpw_t¯bpw kao]n¡pIbpw Bßobambn CShItbmSv ASp¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. CShIbn FÃm kwLS\Itfbpw IqSpX kPoham¡phm³ th­ {]tNmZ\w \ÂIpIbpw t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. XnIª Hcp hmÜnbpw, kwLmSI\pamb sImÃmÀtXm«w A¨sâ Ime¯v CShIbv¡v Hcp ]p¯³ DWÀhv  IcKXambn.

          CShIbnse ]mhs¸«hscbpw tcmKnIsfbpw klmbn¡pIbpw {]tXyI ^­v cq]oIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. k`bv¡pw, kaql¯n\pw IpSpw_¯n\pw th­n Pohn¨v a¬adªpt]mb ]qÀÆnIsc A\pkvacn¡phm³ {]tNmZ\w \ÂIpIbpw at\mlcamb skant¯cnbpsS \nÀ½mWw 2005 ]qÀ¯nbm¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]Ån¸d¼n dºÀ Irjn hym]n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A¨sâ Ime¯v Unt¸mbn 1 skâv Øew Ipdn¨ym\nbn jmPn Zm\ambn \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. A©p hÀjs¯ tkh\¯n\ptijw 2006 sabv 13\v ssh¯ncnbntebv¡v Øew amdnt]mbn.

          2006 sabv amkw _lp.tPmÀÖv Ing¡pw]pdw A¨³  CShIbpsS hnImcnbmbn NmÀsÖSp¯p. CShIbpsS kphÀ® ImeL«w F¶p hntijn¸n¡mhp¶ {]hÀ¯\§Ä ImgvNsh¨p. {]mb¯ntâbpw, tcmK¯nsâbpw _p²nap«pIÄ ad¶v CShIbpsS ka{Kamb D¶a\¯n\pth­n {]hÀ¯n¨p. ]ÅnbpsS ap³]n tdmUn\`napJambn butk]nXmhnsâ at\mlcamb t{Kmt«m \nÀ½n¡pIbpw, hgn tIm¬{Ioäv sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp. IS¼qÀ, Unt¸m, hchqÀ IpcniSnIÄ¡v Npäpw aXn sI«n at\mlcam¡n. Ip«nIfnse Iem]camb IgnhpIÄ Is­¯n Ahsc t{]mÕmln¸n¨p. Xncp\mfpIfpw hmÀjnI BtLmj§fpw hfsc at\mlcam¡phm³ A¨sâ t\XrXz¯n\p Ignªp. XymtKmÖzeamb tPmÀÖ¨sâ tkh\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä ac¡Shv CShIbv¡v F¶pw Hcp apXÂIq«mWv. knant¯cnbn at\mlcamb Nm¸Â A¨sâ Ime¯mWv \nÀ½n¡p¶Xv.  2011 A¨³ Øew amdnt]mbn.

          2006þ tPmÀÖv Ing¡pw]pdw A¨³ Hcp amkw eohn t]mbXn\m dh. ^mZÀ tPmk^v \µn¡m«v Hcp amkw hnImcnbmbn hcpIbpw  FÃm `h\§fpw kµÀin¡pIbpw sNbvXp.  hn.IpÀºm\bv¡v ap¼v P]ame, {]mÀ°\ Bcw`n¡pIbpw  sNbvXp. A¨s\ \µntbmsS HmÀ¡p¶p.

          2011 sabv amk¯n ac¡Shv CShIbv¡v Hcp hcZm\sa¶t]mse tXmakv ssX¡p¶pw]pdw A¨s\ hnImcnbmbn e`n¨p. CShIbnse Hmtcm hyànbpsSbpw lrZbw sXm«dnª kuay\mb BßobmNmcy\mbncp¶p tXmak¨³. CShIbv¡v th­n H¯ncn kl\§Ä GsäSp¯psIm­v  CShIbpsS  hnip²oIcW¯n\pth­n {]bXv\n¨p. 2015 IS¼qÀ IpcniSnbn Hcp It¸f \nÀ½n¡pIbpw Pqembv 28\v hn.AÂt^m³km½bpsS \ma¯n {]XnjvTn¡pIbpw Xncp\mÄ \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. k¬tU kvIqÄ sI«nSw hn]peoIcn¡pIbpw ]ÅnbpsS Ccphi§fnepw hcm´IÄ \nÀ½n¨v dq^n«v at\mlcam¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Bßob cwK§fn  henb DWÀhp­mb ImeL«amWv tXmak¨tâXv. FÃm amk§fnepw PmKcW {]mÀ°\ \S¯pIbpw, FÃm {]`mX§fnepw ZnhyImcpWy Bcm[\ \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. FÃm hyànItfmSpw kvt\lt¯mSpw, IcpWtbmSpw, ka`mh\tbmSpw IqsS s]cpamdpIbpw sNbvX tXmak¨sâ tkh\§Ä ac¡Shn\v hnkvacn¡m\mhp¶XÃ. 2016 sabv 28\v H­b§mSn CShIbntebv¡v Øew amdnt]mbn.

          2016 sabv 29\v ac¡Shv CShIbpsS hnImcnbmbn _lp.amXyp ss]¡m«v A¨³ \nbanX\mbn. kvt\lhpw \nÝbZmÀVyhpapÅ A¸s\t¸mse CShIbpsS D¶a\¯n\v th­n iàamb \ne]mSpIsfSp¡pIbpw CShIsb kvt\ln¡pIbpw th­ Xncp¯epIÄ \ÂIpIbpw sNbvX alXv hyànXzambncp¶p ss]¡m«¨tâXv. ac¡Shnse Xsâ AP]me\ ip{iqjbn ]qÀ®ambpw hn.butk]nXmhn B{ibn¡pIbpw butk]nXmhnsâ iàamb am[yØw Dds¡ {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Xncpk`tbmSpw ssZht¯mSpw \qdpiXam\w hnizkvXX ]peÀ¯nsIm­v IÀ½ aÞe§fn A¨³ Xsâ hyànap{Z ]Xn¸n¨p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv CShIbpsS aZv_l ]pXp¡n ]Wnbp¶Xv. X¨\mb butk]nXmhnsâ  \ma¯nepÅ tZhmebambXpsIm­v aZv_l XSnsIm­v ]WnbWsa¶Xv A¨sâ B{Klambncp¶p. sN¿p¶ Imcy§fnseÃmw hyàXbpw IyXyXbpw A¨³ B{Kln¨ncp¶p. _lp. amXyp ss]¡m«¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]ÅnapdnbpsS \hoIcWw \S¡p¶Xv. at\mlcamb sImSnacw \nÀ½n¨v A\p{Kl¯nsâ hnPb]XmI ]mdn¡phm³ A¨\v Ignªp.

          ]cmXnIfnÃmsX ]cn`h§fnÃmsX ssZhw GÂ]n¨ ZuXy§Ä AXnsâ ]qÀWXbn \ndthän kzÀ¤ob XncÈoebnteb¡v adªpt]mb A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä. ac¡Shnsâ Ncn{X¯nse X¦en]nIfn tcJs¸Sp¯pw. {]mb¯nsâbpw tcmK¯nsâbpw thZ\bneqsS IS¶pt]mIpt¼mgpw ac¡Shv CShIsb s\t©mSv tNÀ¯v {]mÀ°n¡pambncp¶p. 2020 amÀ¨v 10\v kzÀ¤ob k½m\¯n\mbn hnfn¡s¸« ss]¡m«¨s\ \µntbmSpw BZcthmSpIqSp CShIP\§Ä F¶pw HmÀ½n¡pw. 

ac¡Shv skâv tPmk^v CShIbpsS Ncn{Xw

tIcf¯nse Gähpw at\mlcamb Øe§fnsem¶mWv aªnsâ IncoSaWnªv XebpbÀ¯n \n¡p¶ hb\mSv. Bbnc¡W¡n\v hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v P\hmk¯nsâ Ahtijn¸pIÄ kq£n¡p¶ hb\mSv. hoc]gÈnbpsS ]Stbm«§fpsS Ipf¼Sn\mZhpw tI«v, ]m]\min\nbpsS Iptªmf§Ä ssPhsshhn²y§fpsS ]dpZokbmb IpdphmZzo]nsâ 150 Hmfw sNdp Zzo]pIsf XgpIn DZb¯nsâ \m«ntes¡mgpIp¶ I_\n\ZnbpsS Xoc§Ä¡pw hfÀ¶p ]´en¨ hnizmk XojvWXbpsS IYIÄ ]dbm\p­v.

          tX\pw ]mepsamgpIp¶ Im\m³tZiw e£yam¡n \o§nb ]qÀÆ]nXm¡·msct¸mse Pohsâ \ne\nÂ]n\pw AXnPoh\¯n\pw th­n 1950 ImeL«¯n Npcw IbdnbhcmWv ac¡Shnse ImcWh³amÀ. a\Ênse kz]v\§fpw {]Xo£Ifpw H¸w s\©nsâ Bg§fn DdªpIqSnb ssZhhnizmkhpw  ssIapXembn IS¶ph¶hcmWv `qcn`mKhpw. a®nsâ amdn hn¯v hnX¨v \qdpta\n sImbvsXSp¡phm³ tNmc \ocm¡nbt¸mÄ ssZh¯nsâ A\p{Kln¡p¶ Icw AhcpsS incÊn\p apIfn D­mbncp¶p. Im«m\tbmSpw, Im«pt]m¯nt\mSpw, ae¼m¼nt\mSpw, ]IÀ¨hym[nItfmSpw ]Ssh«n, apf¦q¼pw, apXncbpw, I¸bpsams¡ `£n¨v ssZh]cn]me\bpsS cpNnbdnª Hcp IpSntbä P\XbpsS Ncn{Xw ChnsS Bcw`n¡p¶p.

          1950 apX ]gbtXm«w, ]\t´m«w, Iäym«v, IpSI]d¼nÂ, shÅ¡S, ]mem]pfn¡Â, ]pXp¸d¼nÂ, DucmfnIpt¶Â, s]mcpt¶Sw, X«mw]d¼nÂ, Adbv¡Â, sh«pIÃpw]pd¯v, sXm½n]d¼nÂ, tamcpIpt¶Â, hïv, shfnb¯pamenbnÂ, Ip¶pw]pd¯v, ]mdt¯m«m ]qfhÅn, InS§b¯v, sIm¨p]pc, CfwXpcp¯n, C©nae, Nm¯wtIm«v, \cnthenÂ, aT¯nÂ............... XpS§nb IpSpw_§Ä ac¡Shnsâ ]e`mK§fnembn Xmakw Bcw`n¨p. ]qÀ®ambpw h\{]tZiambncp¶ ChnsS \n¶pw ac§Ä apdn¨v I_\n\Zn IS¯n ssakqdntebv¡v sIm­p t]mIpambncp¶p. acw sIm­ph¶v tÌm¡v sN¿p¶ Unt¸mbpw, acw IS¯p¶ IShpw ‘ac¡Shv’ F¶ Øe\ma¯n\v ImcWambn.

          ssZh¯nsâ Ombbnepw kmZriy¯nepw krjvSn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ a\pjysâbpÅn A´Àeo\ambncn¡p¶ ssZhm`napJyamWtÃm Hcphs\ ssZhmcm[\bntebv¡v \bn¡p¶Xv. Hcp kaqlambn ssZhs¯ Bcm[n¡phm³ kmlNcy§fnÃm¯Xn\m AhcpsS Bßob Zml§Ä¡pth­n \Shb tZhmebs¯ Bbncp¶p B{ibn¨ncp¶Xv. arXkwkvImc ip{iqjIÄt]mepw \ShbÂ, am\´hmSn, ]¿¼Ån tZhmeb knant¯cnbnembncp¶p \nÀÆln¨nc¶Xv. 1952þ \Shb hnImcnbmbncp¶ _lp._À¡pam³kv CMI A¨s\ ImcWh³amÀ ImWpIbpw ]p¸Ån {]tZi¯v Hcp tZhmeb¯nsâ BhiyIX t_m[ys¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. 1954þ ]mdt¯m«m ss]enbpsS Hmetaª sjÍn h¨v _lp.Ingt¡¡päv A¨³ hn._enbÀ¸n¨p {]mÀ°n¨p. BZyambn ac¡Shv-þs]cn¡ÃqÀ {]tZi¯v hn.IpÀºm\ AÀ¸n¡s¸«Xv ChnsSbmbncp¶p. ]ehn[ImcW§fm XpSÀ¶v XncpIÀ½§Ä \S¡m¯ kmlNcy¯n ssakqdn \ns¶¯nb e¯o³ sshZnIcpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw I_\nbpsS A¡sc Hcp sjUv \nÀ½n¨v FÃm amkhpw hn.IpÀºm\bpw, Ip¼kmchpw \S¯nt]m¶p. Hcp hÀjt¯mfw CXp XpSÀ¶p.

          1956þ ]p¸Ån (apųsImÃn)bpsS Ncn{X¯nse BZy hnImcnbmbn _lp. Ipcymt¡mkv N§mS¡cnb¨³ \ntbmKn¡s¸«p. h\yarK§fpÅXn\m ac¡Shnsebpw s]cn¡Ãqcnsebpw {]tZihmknIÄ Hcpan¨v apųsImÃnbn t]mbn hn.IpÀºm\bn ]s¦Sp¡pambncp¶p. ImcWh³amcpsS A`yÀ°\sb XpSÀ¶v 1956 Xs¶ ac¡Shn Hcp tÌj³]Ån Bcw`n¨p. thgm¼Â ag¡pth­n Im¯ncp¶Xpt]mse ssZhm\p`h¯n\pth­n Im¯ncp¶ {]tZihmknIÄ XnIª Bthit¯msSbpw BËmZt¯msSbpw tZhmeb¯n\pth­nbpÅ sjUv ]gbtXm«w hÀ¡n kw`mh\bmbn \ÂInb Øe¯v \nÀ½mWw Bcw`n¨p. ac¯qWpIÄ \m«n CÃnsIm­v ad¨v ]pÃptaª Hcp sIm¨p sjÍmbncp¶p ac¡Shnsâ Ncn{X¯nse BZys¯ tZhmebw. kp{][m\Znhk§fnseÃmw XncpIÀ½§Ä \S¯nbncp¶p.

          1957þ dh.^mZÀ AeIvkv aW¡m«paäw ]p¸ÅnbpsS hnImcnbmbn NmÀsÖSp¡p¶p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ac¡Shv kzX{´ CShIbmbn DbÀ¯p¶Xv. 2000 hÀj§Ä¡v ap³]v NmWIw aW¡p¶ Hcp ]pÂsXmgp¯ns\ tZhmebam¡nb \{k¯nse X¨sâ \ma¯n tZhmebw {]XnjvTn¡s¸«p. ac¡Shnsâ BZys¯ Xncp\mÄ at\mlcambn sIm­mSn. Cu Ime¯v s]cn¡ÃqÀ Iv\\mb tZhmebw \nÀ½n¡s¸«ncp¶nÃ. ]ckv]cw kvt\ln¨pw klIcn¨pw XncpIÀ½§fn ]s¦Sp¯pwsIm­pw Iv\m\mb ktlmZc§fpw CShItbmSv tNÀ¶v \n¶ncp¶p. XpSÀ¶v s]cn¡ÃqÀ ]Ån Øm]n¨Xn\ptijhpw henb BgvNbnse Çohm]mX Hcpan¨p \S¯nbncp¶p. Cu ImeL«¯n at\mlcamb ]´Â {]Z£nWw \S¯nbncp¶p. hnip²cpsS  Xncpkm¶n²ywsIm­v CShImXnÀ¯n apgph³ kwc£W¯nsâ thensI«p¶ hnip² cm{Xn BSp¯ hÀjs¯ {]Zn£Ww hsc a®nt\mSpw, ImemhØtbmSpw, ]IÀ¨ hym[nItfmSpw ]Ssh«phm\pÅ Icp¯p \ÂIp¶ hnip²amb  IÀ½ambncp¶p AXv.

1962 sabv þ13\v hnImcnbmbn h¶ tPmk^v  Ipt¶e¨sâ BKa\t¯msS {]tZi¯n\v ]pXnb DWÀhp­mbn. AZriyamb hnizmk¯nsâ NcSn FÃmhscbpw tNÀ¯p \nÀ¯nsIm­v Zriyamb ]ptcmKXnIÄ sIm­phcphm³ A¨\v km[n¨p. ]Ånbnte¡pÅ hgnIÄ sh«n k©mc tbmKyam¡n.

          \bn¡m³ Hcp iàamb t\XrXzaps­¦n F´n\pw X¿mdmsW¶v sXfnbn¡p¶ \mfpIfmbncp¶p ]n¶oSv. 1964 G{]n amk¯n ac¡Shv CShIbpsS BZy hnImcnbmbn tP¡_v ]p¯³]pc \nbanX\mbn ]pÃptaª sjUn \n¶pw tZhmebsa¶ kz]v\¯n\v km£mXv¡mcambn. IÃpsIm­v sI«n HmSptaª at\mlcamb tZhmeb \nÀ½mW¯n\v kv{XoIfpw Ip«nIfpaS¡w FÃmhcpw ]s¦Sp¯p. hnip² Ipcninsâ Xe¸mhWnªv apJapbÀ¯n \n¡p¶ at\mlcamb tZhmeb¯nsâ Hmtcm IÃpIÄ¡pw ac¡Shnse ImcWh³amcpsS hnbÀ¸nsâ KÔap­v. _lp.tP¡_v ]p¯³]pcb¨tâbpw s]cn¡ÃqÀ hnImcnbmbncp¶ At¸mgn]d¼ne¨tâbpw t\XrXz¯n s]cn¡ÃqÀ-þ]p¸Ån tdmUv \nÀ½n¨v KXmKXtbmKyam¡nXv C¡me¯mWv.

1965 HmKÌv 13\v dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v ]p¯³]pcbpw XpSÀ¶v 1966 sabv 4\v dh.^mZÀ ^nen¸v apdnªItàF¶o sshZoIcpw CShIbn tkh\w sNbvXn«p­v. XpSÀ¶v 1966 apX 1967 hsc ^mZÀ tPmk^v ASn¸pg hnImcnbmbn tkh\w sNbvXp.1967 HIvtSm_À 14\v dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v am¼pg hnImcnbmbn \nbanX\mbn. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]Ån¸d¼n ImÀjnI hnfIÄ Irjn sN¿m³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. A¨sâ ZoÀL ho£Wt¯msSbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä CShIsb IqSpX A`nhr²nbntebv¡v \bn¨p. Cu Bßob Kpcp¡·mcpsS \nkzmÀ°amb tkh\hpw {]mÀ°\m \nÀ`camb A\p{Kl§fpw CShIbv¡v F¶pw Hcp apXÂIq«mWv.

1969 HIvtSm_À4 apX _lp.tPmk^v sIm«Im¸nÅn CShIhnImcnbmbn. Ipªp§fpsSbpw CShIbptSbpw B²ymßoI hfÀ¨bn A¨³ AIagnªv klmbn¨n«p­v. hnizmknIfpsS kuIcymÀ°w 1974þ ac¡Shns\ hn`Pn¨v I_\nKncn tZhmebw Bcw`n¨p. 27.04.1974\v A¨³ tkh\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡n.

          27.04.1974\v _lp.htednb³ Imªnc¡m«vIpt¶e¨³ ac¡Shnsâ Aac¡mc\mbn. ]Sn]SnbmbpÅ hfÀ¨bpsS ImeL«ambncp¶p ]n¶oSv. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv k¬tU kvIqÄ sI«nS¯nsâ ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xv. \nch[n `àkwLS\IÄ Bcw`n¡pIbpw P\§sf Adnhnsâ shfn¨¯ntebv¡v \bn¡m³ Hcp hmb\imebv¡v Bcw`w Ipdn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv skâv ImXssd³ tIm¬shâv \nÀ½mWw ]qÀ¯nbmbXv. _lp.kntÌgvknsâ hchv CShIm kaql¯nsâ Bßobhpw, `uXoIhpw, km¼¯oIhpamb hfÀ¨bv¡v ImcWambn. 1977 ]ÅnhI k¬tU kvIqfn Hcp s\gvkdn Bcw`n¡pIbpw BZnhmknIÄ DÄs¸sSbpÅhÀ¡v hnZym`ymkw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. kvIqÄ A[nIImew apt¶m«psIm­pt]mIm³ IgnªnÃ. htednb\¨sâ Ime¯mWv skâv ImXssd³ tlmkv]nä Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. 1980 sabv 29\v A¨sâ tkh\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡n.

          30.05.1980 apX 06.05.1983 hsc dh.^mZÀ sk_mÌy³ tImbn¸pdw CShIbpsS hnImcnbmbn. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]d¼n dºÀ, sX§v, IpcpapfIv, C©n, I¸ F¶nh IrjnsN¿pIbpw CShIsb IqSpX km¼¯nI `{ZXbntebv¡v sIm­phcnIbpw sNbvXXv. A¨sâ tkh\Ime¯mWv ac¡Shn BZyambn ku­v knÌw hm§p¶Xv. AXphgn XncpIÀ½§Ä IqSpX DuÀÖzeam¡phm³ km[n¨p.

          06.05.1982\v _lp.amXyqkv CMI A¨³ CShIbpsS Aac¡mc\mbn h¶p. CShIbnse Hmtcm IpSpw_¯nsâbpw B²ymßoIhpw `uXoIhpamb FÃm Imcy§fnepw hfscb[nIw {i²n¡pIbpw, P\§sf IqSpX ssZhhnizmk¯ntebv¡v ASp¸n¡p¶Xn\pw A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v km[n¨p. `h\§Ä kµÀin¡pIbpw P\§fpsS Bhiy§Ä a\Ênem¡pIbpw Ahsc klmbn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 02.07.1984\v A¨³ ac¡Shn \n¶pw bm{Xbmbn.

          2.7.1984 apXÂ 26.3.1985 hsc dh.^mZÀ hÀKokv sImfpXd CMI ac¡Shns\ \bn¨p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv sshZoI aµnc¯nsâ Bcw`w Ipdn¡p¶Xv.

          26.03.1985 apX 20.05.1989 hscbpÅ ImeL«¯n _lp.tPmk^v \m¡pgn¡m«¨\mbncp¶p ac¡Shnsâ hnImcn. A¨sâ Ime¯v ]ÅnapdnbpsS ]Wn ]qÀ¯mbmbn. 1988 \S¯nb t]m¸peÀ anj³[ym\w CShIbpsS Bßob hfÀ¨bv¡v henb ]¦phln¨p.

          1989 apX 1991 hsc CShIbn tkh\w sNbvXXv dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v Xpcpt¯e¨\mWv. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv CShIbv¡v sshZypXn IW£³ e`n¡p¶Xv. A¨sâ tkh\Ime¯v ]«mWnIq¸n Ipd¨v Øew hm§pIbpw IpcniSn \nÀ½n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IS¼qÀ _me³ Zm\ambn X¶ IpcniSn Øew Xpcpt¯e¨sâ Ime¯v FgpXn hm§n.

1992 sabv 21\v dh.^mZÀ {^m³kokv Icn¸pIm«n CShIbpsS Aac¡mc\mbn. A¨sâ tkh\§Ä ac¡Shv CShImkaql¯n\v Hcn¡epw ad¡phm³ IgnbnÃ. A¨sâ NpdpNpdp¡pw {]kcn¸pw kuayXbpw P\§fn A¨t\mSpÅ kvt\lhpw _lpam\hpw hÀ²n¸n¨p. Gsd XymKw kln¨v at\mlcamb Hdp tZhmebw ]pXp¡n ]Wnbphm³ IgnªXv A¨sâ t\XrXz¯nemWv. am{XaÃ, CShIbv¡v Gsd Bßob ]ptcmKXnbpw ssIhcn¡phm³ km[n¨p. 1993þ A`nhµy Xq¦pgn]nXmhv inemØm]\w \S¯nb tZhmeb¯nsâ \nÀ½mWw 1996þ ]qÀ¯oIcn¨p. ]«mWn¡q¸v tZhmeb¯n\pth­n Øew hm§p¶Xv Icn¸pIm«ne¨sâ Ime¯mWv. Cu Øe¯p­mbncp¶ ho«n hn.IpÀºm\ AÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. XymtKmÖzeamb 4 hÀjs¯ tkh\¯n\ptijw _lp.{^m³kokv Icn¸pIm«ne¨³ ssa\À skan\mcnbpsS Bßob]nXmhmbn«mWv 10.06.1996 \v Øew amdnt¸mIp¶Xv.

          10.06.1996 apX 19.05.1997 hsc ac¡Shv CShIbpsS kmcYnbmbn _lp. {^m³kokv s\Ãn¡pt¶e¨³ \nbanX\mbn. im´Xbpw kuayXbpw \ndª A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä CShImkaql¯n\v Gsd KpW{]Zambncp¶p.

          19.05.1997 apX 20.05.1999 hsc CShIsb \bn¨Xv _lp.tPmbn ]nW¡m«¨\mWv. emfnXy¯ntâbpw ka`mh\bpsSbpw, \njv]£XbpsSbpw ]cymbambncp¶p A¨³. tIcf¯nse Xs¶ anI¨ thmfnt_mÄ, ^pSvt_mÄ SoapIfnsem¶mbncp¶ Pq_nen ac¡Shns\ t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw hfÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXn«p­v. bphP\§tfmsSm¸w Ahcnsemcmfmbn \n¶psIm­v CShIbpsS Bßob `uXoI taJeIsf A¨³ iàns¸Sp¯nbn«p­v. Aánbn kv^pSw sNbvsXSp¯ hm¡pIfneqsSbpÅ hN\ hymJym\¯n\pth­n ImXpIqÀ¸n¨ncp¶ Hcp kaqlw A¶p­mbncn¶p. A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§sf ac¡Shn\p ad¡m\mhp¶XÃ. P\§fpsS kuIcy¯n\pth­n ]«mWn¡q¸n Hcp It¸f]Ån \nÀ½n¨p. AhÀ¡v th­p¶ \nÀt±i§fpw Xncp¯epIfpw A¨³ \ÂIp¶p­mbncp¶p.

          20.05.1999 apX 14.05.2001 hscbpÅ ImeL«¯n _lp. tPmkv Hmen¡c A¨³ ac¡Shv CShIbn Xsâ kvt\l \nÀ`camb tkh\w ImgvN h¨p. kzXkn²amb im´Xbn ac¡Shnsâ {]iv\§sf A¨³ ]Tn¡pIbmbncp¶p. an¨`qan kw_Ôamb {]XnkÔnIsf ]cnlcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. anI¨ Hcp h¡oembncp¶ A¨³ \nch[n IpSpw_{]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡phm³ klmbn¨p. ]Ån¡v Bhiyamb P\tdäÀ hm§p¶Xv tPmkv Hmen¡cb¨sâ tkh\ Ime¯mWv. 1999þ ]«mWnIq¸n D®naninlmbpsS \ma¯n It¸f sh©cn¸p IÀ½w \S¶p. FÃm i\nbmgvNIfnepw tPmk¨³ It¸fbn hn._en AÀ¸n¨ncp¶p. 2000 ]«mWn¡q¸v kzX{´ CShIbmbn. A¨sâ tkh\§sf CShI F¶pw \µntbmsS HmÀ½n¡pw.

          14.05.2001 ac¡Shv CShIbpsS kmcYnbmbn dh.^mZÀ k®n sImÃmÀtXm«w \nbanX\mbn. A©p hÀj¡mes¯ A¨sâ tkh\w CShIbv¡v A\p{Kl{]Zambncp¶p. Hcp ]nXmhnsâ kvt\lt¯msS Hmtcm IpSpw_t¯bpw kao]n¡pIbpw Bßobambn CShItbmSv ASp¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. CShIbn FÃm kwLS\Itfbpw IqSpX kPoham¡phm³ th­ {]tNmZ\w \ÂIpIbpw t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. XnIª Hcp hmÜnbpw, kwLmSI\pamb sImÃmÀtXm«w A¨sâ Ime¯v CShIbv¡v Hcp ]p¯³ DWÀhv  IcKXambn.

          CShIbnse ]mhs¸«hscbpw tcmKnIsfbpw klmbn¡pIbpw {]tXyI ^­v cq]oIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. k`bv¡pw, kaql¯n\pw IpSpw_¯n\pw th­n Pohn¨v a¬adªpt]mb ]qÀÆnIsc A\pkvacn¡phm³ {]tNmZ\w \ÂIpIbpw at\mlcamb skant¯cnbpsS \nÀ½mWw 2005 ]qÀ¯nbm¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]Ån¸d¼n dºÀ Irjn hym]n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A¨sâ Ime¯v Unt¸mbn 1 skâv Øew Ipdn¨ym\nbn jmPn Zm\ambn \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. A©p hÀjs¯ tkh\¯n\ptijw 2006 sabv 13\v ssh¯ncnbntebv¡v Øew amdnt]mbn.

          2006 sabv amkw _lp.tPmÀÖv Ing¡pw]pdw A¨³  CShIbpsS hnImcnbmbn NmÀsÖSp¯p. CShIbpsS kphÀ® ImeL«w F¶p hntijn¸n¡mhp¶ {]hÀ¯\§Ä ImgvNsh¨p. {]mb¯ntâbpw, tcmK¯nsâbpw _p²nap«pIÄ ad¶v CShIbpsS ka{Kamb D¶a\¯n\pth­n {]hÀ¯n¨p. ]ÅnbpsS ap³]n tdmUn\`napJambn butk]nXmhnsâ at\mlcamb t{Kmt«m \nÀ½n¡pIbpw, hgn tIm¬{Ioäv sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp. IS¼qÀ, Unt¸m, hchqÀ IpcniSnIÄ¡v Npäpw aXn sI«n at\mlcam¡n. Ip«nIfnse Iem]camb IgnhpIÄ Is­¯n Ahsc t{]mÕmln¸n¨p. Xncp\mfpIfpw hmÀjnI BtLmj§fpw hfsc at\mlcam¡phm³ A¨sâ t\XrXz¯n\p Ignªp. XymtKmÖzeamb tPmÀÖ¨sâ tkh\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä ac¡Shv CShIbv¡v F¶pw Hcp apXÂIq«mWv. knant¯cnbn at\mlcamb Nm¸Â A¨sâ Ime¯mWv \nÀ½n¡p¶Xv.  2011 A¨³ Øew amdnt]mbn.

          2006þ tPmÀÖv Ing¡pw]pdw A¨³ Hcp amkw eohn t]mbXn\m dh. ^mZÀ tPmk^v \µn¡m«v Hcp amkw hnImcnbmbn hcpIbpw  FÃm `h\§fpw kµÀin¡pIbpw sNbvXp.  hn.IpÀºm\bv¡v ap¼v P]ame, {]mÀ°\ Bcw`n¡pIbpw  sNbvXp. A¨s\ \µntbmsS HmÀ¡p¶p.

          2011 sabv amk¯n ac¡Shv CShIbv¡v Hcp hcZm\sa¶t]mse tXmakv ssX¡p¶pw]pdw A¨s\ hnImcnbmbn e`n¨p. CShIbnse Hmtcm hyànbpsSbpw lrZbw sXm«dnª kuay\mb BßobmNmcy\mbncp¶p tXmak¨³. CShIbv¡v th­n H¯ncn kl\§Ä GsäSp¯psIm­v  CShIbpsS  hnip²oIcW¯n\pth­n {]bXv\n¨p. 2015 IS¼qÀ IpcniSnbn Hcp It¸f \nÀ½n¡pIbpw Pqembv 28\v hn.AÂt^m³km½bpsS \ma¯n {]XnjvTn¡pIbpw Xncp\mÄ \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. k¬tU kvIqÄ sI«nSw hn]peoIcn¡pIbpw ]ÅnbpsS Ccphi§fnepw hcm´IÄ \nÀ½n¨v dq^n«v at\mlcam¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Bßob cwK§fn  henb DWÀhp­mb ImeL«amWv tXmak¨tâXv. FÃm amk§fnepw PmKcW {]mÀ°\ \S¯pIbpw, FÃm {]`mX§fnepw ZnhyImcpWy Bcm[\ \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. FÃm hyànItfmSpw kvt\lt¯mSpw, IcpWtbmSpw, ka`mh\tbmSpw IqsS s]cpamdpIbpw sNbvX tXmak¨sâ tkh\§Ä ac¡Shn\v hnkvacn¡m\mhp¶XÃ. 2016 sabv 28\v H­b§mSn CShIbntebv¡v Øew amdnt]mbn.

          2016 sabv 29\v ac¡Shv CShIbpsS hnImcnbmbn _lp.amXyp ss]¡m«v A¨³ \nbanX\mbn. kvt\lhpw \nÝbZmÀVyhpapÅ A¸s\t¸mse CShIbpsS D¶a\¯n\v th­n iàamb \ne]mSpIsfSp¡pIbpw CShIsb kvt\ln¡pIbpw th­ Xncp¯epIÄ \ÂIpIbpw sNbvX alXv hyànXzambncp¶p ss]¡m«¨tâXv. ac¡Shnse Xsâ AP]me\ ip{iqjbn ]qÀ®ambpw hn.butk]nXmhn B{ibn¡pIbpw butk]nXmhnsâ iàamb am[yØw Dds¡ {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Xncpk`tbmSpw ssZht¯mSpw \qdpiXam\w hnizkvXX ]peÀ¯nsIm­v IÀ½ aÞe§fn A¨³ Xsâ hyànap{Z ]Xn¸n¨p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv CShIbpsS aZv_l ]pXp¡n ]Wnbp¶Xv. X¨\mb butk]nXmhnsâ  \ma¯nepÅ tZhmebambXpsIm­v aZv_l XSnsIm­v ]WnbWsa¶Xv A¨sâ B{Klambncp¶p. sN¿p¶ Imcy§fnseÃmw hyàXbpw IyXyXbpw A¨³ B{Kln¨ncp¶p. _lp. amXyp ss]¡m«¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]ÅnapdnbpsS \hoIcWw \S¡p¶Xv. at\mlcamb sImSnacw \nÀ½n¨v A\p{Kl¯nsâ hnPb]XmI ]mdn¡phm³ A¨\v Ignªp.

          ]cmXnIfnÃmsX ]cn`h§fnÃmsX ssZhw GÂ]n¨ ZuXy§Ä AXnsâ ]qÀWXbn \ndthän kzÀ¤ob XncÈoebnteb¡v adªpt]mb A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä. ac¡Shnsâ Ncn{X¯nse X¦en]nIfn tcJs¸Sp¯pw. {]mb¯nsâbpw tcmK¯nsâbpw thZ\bneqsS IS¶pt]mIpt¼mgpw ac¡Shv CShIsb s\t©mSv tNÀ¯v {]mÀ°n¡pambncp¶p. 2020 amÀ¨v 10\v kzÀ¤ob k½m\¯n\mbn hnfn¡s¸« ss]¡m«¨s\ \µntbmSpw BZcthmSpIqSp CShIP\§Ä F¶pw HmÀ½n¡pw. 

ac¡Shv skâv tPmk^v CShIbpsS Ncn{Xw

tIcf¯nse Gähpw at\mlcamb Øe§fnsem¶mWv aªnsâ IncoSaWnªv XebpbÀ¯n \n¡p¶ hb\mSv. Bbnc¡W¡n\v hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v P\hmk¯nsâ Ahtijn¸pIÄ kq£n¡p¶ hb\mSv. hoc]gÈnbpsS ]Stbm«§fpsS Ipf¼Sn\mZhpw tI«v, ]m]\min\nbpsS Iptªmf§Ä ssPhsshhn²y§fpsS ]dpZokbmb IpdphmZzo]nsâ 150 Hmfw sNdp Zzo]pIsf XgpIn DZb¯nsâ \m«ntes¡mgpIp¶ I_\n\ZnbpsS Xoc§Ä¡pw hfÀ¶p ]´en¨ hnizmk XojvWXbpsS IYIÄ ]dbm\p­v.

          tX\pw ]mepsamgpIp¶ Im\m³tZiw e£yam¡n \o§nb ]qÀÆ]nXm¡·msct¸mse Pohsâ \ne\nÂ]n\pw AXnPoh\¯n\pw th­n 1950 ImeL«¯n Npcw IbdnbhcmWv ac¡Shnse ImcWh³amÀ. a\Ênse kz]v\§fpw {]Xo£Ifpw H¸w s\©nsâ Bg§fn DdªpIqSnb ssZhhnizmkhpw  ssIapXembn IS¶ph¶hcmWv `qcn`mKhpw. a®nsâ amdn hn¯v hnX¨v \qdpta\n sImbvsXSp¡phm³ tNmc \ocm¡nbt¸mÄ ssZh¯nsâ A\p{Kln¡p¶ Icw AhcpsS incÊn\p apIfn D­mbncp¶p. Im«m\tbmSpw, Im«pt]m¯nt\mSpw, ae¼m¼nt\mSpw, ]IÀ¨hym[nItfmSpw ]Ssh«n, apf¦q¼pw, apXncbpw, I¸bpsams¡ `£n¨v ssZh]cn]me\bpsS cpNnbdnª Hcp IpSntbä P\XbpsS Ncn{Xw ChnsS Bcw`n¡p¶p.

          1950 apX ]gbtXm«w, ]\t´m«w, Iäym«v, IpSI]d¼nÂ, shÅ¡S, ]mem]pfn¡Â, ]pXp¸d¼nÂ, DucmfnIpt¶Â, s]mcpt¶Sw, X«mw]d¼nÂ, Adbv¡Â, sh«pIÃpw]pd¯v, sXm½n]d¼nÂ, tamcpIpt¶Â, hïv, shfnb¯pamenbnÂ, Ip¶pw]pd¯v, ]mdt¯m«m ]qfhÅn, InS§b¯v, sIm¨p]pc, CfwXpcp¯n, C©nae, Nm¯wtIm«v, \cnthenÂ, aT¯nÂ............... XpS§nb IpSpw_§Ä ac¡Shnsâ ]e`mK§fnembn Xmakw Bcw`n¨p. ]qÀ®ambpw h\{]tZiambncp¶ ChnsS \n¶pw ac§Ä apdn¨v I_\n\Zn IS¯n ssakqdntebv¡v sIm­p t]mIpambncp¶p. acw sIm­ph¶v tÌm¡v sN¿p¶ Unt¸mbpw, acw IS¯p¶ IShpw ‘ac¡Shv’ F¶ Øe\ma¯n\v ImcWambn.

          ssZh¯nsâ Ombbnepw kmZriy¯nepw krjvSn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ a\pjysâbpÅn A´Àeo\ambncn¡p¶ ssZhm`napJyamWtÃm Hcphs\ ssZhmcm[\bntebv¡v \bn¡p¶Xv. Hcp kaqlambn ssZhs¯ Bcm[n¡phm³ kmlNcy§fnÃm¯Xn\m AhcpsS Bßob Zml§Ä¡pth­n \Shb tZhmebs¯ Bbncp¶p B{ibn¨ncp¶Xv. arXkwkvImc ip{iqjIÄt]mepw \ShbÂ, am\´hmSn, ]¿¼Ån tZhmeb knant¯cnbnembncp¶p \nÀÆln¨nc¶Xv. 1952þ \Shb hnImcnbmbncp¶ _lp._À¡pam³kv CMI A¨s\ ImcWh³amÀ ImWpIbpw ]p¸Ån {]tZi¯v Hcp tZhmeb¯nsâ BhiyIX t_m[ys¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. 1954þ ]mdt¯m«m ss]enbpsS Hmetaª sjÍn h¨v _lp.Ingt¡¡päv A¨³ hn._enbÀ¸n¨p {]mÀ°n¨p. BZyambn ac¡Shv-þs]cn¡ÃqÀ {]tZi¯v hn.IpÀºm\ AÀ¸n¡s¸«Xv ChnsSbmbncp¶p. ]ehn[ImcW§fm XpSÀ¶v XncpIÀ½§Ä \S¡m¯ kmlNcy¯n ssakqdn \ns¶¯nb e¯o³ sshZnIcpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw I_\nbpsS A¡sc Hcp sjUv \nÀ½n¨v FÃm amkhpw hn.IpÀºm\bpw, Ip¼kmchpw \S¯nt]m¶p. Hcp hÀjt¯mfw CXp XpSÀ¶p.

          1956þ ]p¸Ån (apųsImÃn)bpsS Ncn{X¯nse BZy hnImcnbmbn _lp. Ipcymt¡mkv N§mS¡cnb¨³ \ntbmKn¡s¸«p. h\yarK§fpÅXn\m ac¡Shnsebpw s]cn¡Ãqcnsebpw {]tZihmknIÄ Hcpan¨v apųsImÃnbn t]mbn hn.IpÀºm\bn ]s¦Sp¡pambncp¶p. ImcWh³amcpsS A`yÀ°\sb XpSÀ¶v 1956 Xs¶ ac¡Shn Hcp tÌj³]Ån Bcw`n¨p. thgm¼Â ag¡pth­n Im¯ncp¶Xpt]mse ssZhm\p`h¯n\pth­n Im¯ncp¶ {]tZihmknIÄ XnIª Bthit¯msSbpw BËmZt¯msSbpw tZhmeb¯n\pth­nbpÅ sjUv ]gbtXm«w hÀ¡n kw`mh\bmbn \ÂInb Øe¯v \nÀ½mWw Bcw`n¨p. ac¯qWpIÄ \m«n CÃnsIm­v ad¨v ]pÃptaª Hcp sIm¨p sjÍmbncp¶p ac¡Shnsâ Ncn{X¯nse BZys¯ tZhmebw. kp{][m\Znhk§fnseÃmw XncpIÀ½§Ä \S¯nbncp¶p.

          1957þ dh.^mZÀ AeIvkv aW¡m«paäw ]p¸ÅnbpsS hnImcnbmbn NmÀsÖSp¡p¶p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ac¡Shv kzX{´ CShIbmbn DbÀ¯p¶Xv. 2000 hÀj§Ä¡v ap³]v NmWIw aW¡p¶ Hcp ]pÂsXmgp¯ns\ tZhmebam¡nb \{k¯nse X¨sâ \ma¯n tZhmebw {]XnjvTn¡s¸«p. ac¡Shnsâ BZys¯ Xncp\mÄ at\mlcambn sIm­mSn. Cu Ime¯v s]cn¡ÃqÀ Iv\\mb tZhmebw \nÀ½n¡s¸«ncp¶nÃ. ]ckv]cw kvt\ln¨pw klIcn¨pw XncpIÀ½§fn ]s¦Sp¯pwsIm­pw Iv\m\mb ktlmZc§fpw CShItbmSv tNÀ¶v \n¶ncp¶p. XpSÀ¶v s]cn¡ÃqÀ ]Ån Øm]n¨Xn\ptijhpw henb BgvNbnse Çohm]mX Hcpan¨p \S¯nbncp¶p. Cu ImeL«¯n at\mlcamb ]´Â {]Z£nWw \S¯nbncp¶p. hnip²cpsS  Xncpkm¶n²ywsIm­v CShImXnÀ¯n apgph³ kwc£W¯nsâ thensI«p¶ hnip² cm{Xn BSp¯ hÀjs¯ {]Zn£Ww hsc a®nt\mSpw, ImemhØtbmSpw, ]IÀ¨ hym[nItfmSpw ]Ssh«phm\pÅ Icp¯p \ÂIp¶ hnip²amb  IÀ½ambncp¶p AXv.

1962 sabv þ13\v hnImcnbmbn h¶ tPmk^v  Ipt¶e¨sâ BKa\t¯msS {]tZi¯n\v ]pXnb DWÀhp­mbn. AZriyamb hnizmk¯nsâ NcSn FÃmhscbpw tNÀ¯p \nÀ¯nsIm­v Zriyamb ]ptcmKXnIÄ sIm­phcphm³ A¨\v km[n¨p. ]Ånbnte¡pÅ hgnIÄ sh«n k©mc tbmKyam¡n.

          \bn¡m³ Hcp iàamb t\XrXzaps­¦n F´n\pw X¿mdmsW¶v sXfnbn¡p¶ \mfpIfmbncp¶p ]n¶oSv. 1964 G{]n amk¯n ac¡Shv CShIbpsS BZy hnImcnbmbn tP¡_v ]p¯³]pc \nbanX\mbn ]pÃptaª sjUn \n¶pw tZhmebsa¶ kz]v\¯n\v km£mXv¡mcambn. IÃpsIm­v sI«n HmSptaª at\mlcamb tZhmeb \nÀ½mW¯n\v kv{XoIfpw Ip«nIfpaS¡w FÃmhcpw ]s¦Sp¯p. hnip² Ipcninsâ Xe¸mhWnªv apJapbÀ¯n \n¡p¶ at\mlcamb tZhmeb¯nsâ Hmtcm IÃpIÄ¡pw ac¡Shnse ImcWh³amcpsS hnbÀ¸nsâ KÔap­v. _lp.tP¡_v ]p¯³]pcb¨tâbpw s]cn¡ÃqÀ hnImcnbmbncp¶ At¸mgn]d¼ne¨tâbpw t\XrXz¯n s]cn¡ÃqÀ-þ]p¸Ån tdmUv \nÀ½n¨v KXmKXtbmKyam¡nXv C¡me¯mWv.

1965 HmKÌv 13\v dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v ]p¯³]pcbpw XpSÀ¶v 1966 sabv 4\v dh.^mZÀ ^nen¸v apdnªItàF¶o sshZoIcpw CShIbn tkh\w sNbvXn«p­v. XpSÀ¶v 1966 apX 1967 hsc ^mZÀ tPmk^v ASn¸pg hnImcnbmbn tkh\w sNbvXp.1967 HIvtSm_À 14\v dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v am¼pg hnImcnbmbn \nbanX\mbn. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]Ån¸d¼n ImÀjnI hnfIÄ Irjn sN¿m³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. A¨sâ ZoÀL ho£Wt¯msSbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä CShIsb IqSpX A`nhr²nbntebv¡v \bn¨p. Cu Bßob Kpcp¡·mcpsS \nkzmÀ°amb tkh\hpw {]mÀ°\m \nÀ`camb A\p{Kl§fpw CShIbv¡v F¶pw Hcp apXÂIq«mWv.

1969 HIvtSm_À4 apX _lp.tPmk^v sIm«Im¸nÅn CShIhnImcnbmbn. Ipªp§fpsSbpw CShIbptSbpw B²ymßoI hfÀ¨bn A¨³ AIagnªv klmbn¨n«p­v. hnizmknIfpsS kuIcymÀ°w 1974þ ac¡Shns\ hn`Pn¨v I_\nKncn tZhmebw Bcw`n¨p. 27.04.1974\v A¨³ tkh\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡n.

          27.04.1974\v _lp.htednb³ Imªnc¡m«vIpt¶e¨³ ac¡Shnsâ Aac¡mc\mbn. ]Sn]SnbmbpÅ hfÀ¨bpsS ImeL«ambncp¶p ]n¶oSv. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv k¬tU kvIqÄ sI«nS¯nsâ ]Wn ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xv. \nch[n `àkwLS\IÄ Bcw`n¡pIbpw P\§sf Adnhnsâ shfn¨¯ntebv¡v \bn¡m³ Hcp hmb\imebv¡v Bcw`w Ipdn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv skâv ImXssd³ tIm¬shâv \nÀ½mWw ]qÀ¯nbmbXv. _lp.kntÌgvknsâ hchv CShIm kaql¯nsâ Bßobhpw, `uXoIhpw, km¼¯oIhpamb hfÀ¨bv¡v ImcWambn. 1977 ]ÅnhI k¬tU kvIqfn Hcp s\gvkdn Bcw`n¡pIbpw BZnhmknIÄ DÄs¸sSbpÅhÀ¡v hnZym`ymkw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. kvIqÄ A[nIImew apt¶m«psIm­pt]mIm³ IgnªnÃ. htednb\¨sâ Ime¯mWv skâv ImXssd³ tlmkv]nä Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. 1980 sabv 29\v A¨sâ tkh\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡n.

          30.05.1980 apX 06.05.1983 hsc dh.^mZÀ sk_mÌy³ tImbn¸pdw CShIbpsS hnImcnbmbn. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv ]d¼n dºÀ, sX§v, IpcpapfIv, C©n, I¸ F¶nh IrjnsN¿pIbpw CShIsb IqSpX km¼¯nI `{ZXbntebv¡v sIm­phcnIbpw sNbvXXv. A¨sâ tkh\Ime¯mWv ac¡Shn BZyambn ku­v knÌw hm§p¶Xv. AXphgn XncpIÀ½§Ä IqSpX DuÀÖzeam¡phm³ km[n¨p.

          06.05.1982\v _lp.amXyqkv CMI A¨³ CShIbpsS Aac¡mc\mbn h¶p. CShIbnse Hmtcm IpSpw_¯nsâbpw B²ymßoIhpw `uXoIhpamb FÃm Imcy§fnepw hfscb[nIw {i²n¡pIbpw, P\§sf IqSpX ssZhhnizmk¯ntebv¡v ASp¸n¡p¶Xn\pw A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v km[n¨p. `h\§Ä kµÀin¡pIbpw P\§fpsS Bhiy§Ä a\Ênem¡pIbpw Ahsc klmbn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 02.07.1984\v A¨³ ac¡Shn \n¶pw bm{Xbmbn.

          2.7.1984 apXÂ 26.3.1985 hsc dh.^mZÀ hÀKokv sImfpXd CMI ac¡Shns\ \bn¨p. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv sshZoI aµnc¯nsâ Bcw`w Ipdn¡p¶Xv.

          26.03.1985 apX 20.05.1989 hscbpÅ ImeL«¯n _lp.tPmk^v \m¡pgn¡m«¨\mbncp¶p ac¡Shnsâ hnImcn. A¨sâ Ime¯v ]ÅnapdnbpsS ]Wn ]qÀ¯mbmbn. 1988 \S¯nb t]m¸peÀ anj³[ym\w CShIbpsS Bßob hfÀ¨bv¡v henb ]¦phln¨p.

          1989 apX 1991 hsc CShIbn tkh\w sNbvXXv dh.^mZÀ tPmk^v Xpcpt¯e¨\mWv. A¨sâ Ime¯mWv CShIbv¡v sshZypXn IW£³ e`n¡p¶Xv. A¨sâ tkh\Ime¯v ]«mWnIq¸n Ipd¨v Øew hm§pIbpw IpcniSn \nÀ½n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IS¼qÀ _me³ Zm\ambn X¶ IpcniSn Øew Xpcpt¯e¨sâ Ime¯v FgpXn hm§n.

1992 sabv 21\v dh.^mZÀ {^m³kokv Icn¸pIm«n CShIbpsS Aac¡mc\mbn. A¨sâ tkh\§Ä ac¡Shv CShImkaql¯n\v Hcn¡epw ad¡phm³ IgnbnÃ. A¨sâ NpdpNpdp¡pw {]kcn¸pw kuayXbpw P\§fn A¨t\mSpÅ kvt\lhpw _lpam\hpw hÀ²n¸n¨p. Gsd XymKw kln¨v at\mlcamb Hdp tZhmebw ]pXp¡n ]Wnbphm³ IgnªXv A¨sâ t\XrXz¯nemWv. am{XaÃ, CShIbv¡v Gsd Bßob ]ptcmKXnbpw ssIhcn¡phm³ km[n¨p. 1993þ A`nhµy Xq¦pgn]nXmhv inemØm]\w \S¯nb tZhmeb¯nsâ \nÀ½mWw 1996þ ]qÀ¯oIcn¨p. ]«mWn¡q¸v tZhmeb¯n\pth­n Øew hm§p¶Xv Icn¸pIm«ne¨sâ Ime¯mWv. Cu Øe¯p­mbncp¶ ho«n hn.IpÀºm\ AÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. XymtKmÖzeamb 4 hÀjs¯ tkh\¯n\ptijw _lp.{^m³kokv Icn¸pIm«ne¨³ ssa\À skan\mcnbpsS Bßob]nXmhmbn«mWv 10.06.1996 \v Øew amdnt¸mIp¶Xv.

          10.06.1996 apX 19.05.1997 hsc ac¡Shv CShIbpsS kmcYnbmbn _lp. {^m³kokv s\Ãn¡pt¶e¨³ \nbanX\mbn. im´Xbpw kuayXbpw \ndª A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä CShImkaql¯n\v Gsd KpW{]Zambncp¶p.

          19.05.1997 apX 20.05.1999 hsc CShIsb \bn¨Xv _lp.tPmbn ]nW¡m«¨\mWv. emfnXy¯ntâbpw ka`mh\bpsSbpw, \njv]£XbpsSbpw ]cymbambncp¶p A¨³. tIcf¯nse Xs¶ anI¨ thmfnt_mÄ, ^pSvt_mÄ SoapIfnsem¶mbncp¶ Pq_nen ac¡Shns\ t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw hfÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXn«p­v. bphP\§tfmsSm¸w Ahcnsemcmfmbn \n¶psIm­v CShIbpsS Bßob `uXoI taJeIsf A¨³ iàns¸Sp¯nbn«p­v. Aánbn kv^pSw sNbvsXSp¯ hm¡pIfneqsSbpÅ hN\ hymJym\¯n\pth­n ImXpIqÀ¸n¨ncp¶ Hcp kaqlw A¶p­mbncn¶p. A¨sâ {]hÀ¯\§sf ac¡Shn\p ad¡m\mhp¶XÃ. P\§fpsS kuIcy¯n\pth­n ]«mWn¡q¸n Hcp It¸f]Ån \nÀ½n¨p. AhÀ¡v th­p¶ \nÀt±i§fpw Xncp¯epIfpw A¨³ \ÂIp¶p­mbncp¶p.

          20.05.1999 apX 14.05.2001 hscbpÅ ImeL«¯n _lp. tPmkv Hmen¡c A¨³ ac¡Shv CShIbn Xsâ kvt\l \nÀ`camb tkh\w ImgvN h¨p. kzXkn²amb im´